MATH TERMS THAT START WITH S

Sale Price :

The price of a good or service that is offered after discount.

SAS Similarity :

Two triangles are similar if two sides in one triangle are in the same  proportion to the corresponding sides in the other, and the included  angles are equal.

SAS Congruence :

If two pairs of sides of two triangles are equal in length and the included angle are equal in measurement, then the triangles are congruent.

Scale Drawing :

A drawing that shows an objects in the original size except the it had been reduced or enlarged by a certain amount

Scalene Triangle :

A triangle with no equal sides.

Sphere :

This is a solid generated when a semicircle is being rotated about its diameter. In three dimensional space, this is also known as perfect round geometrical object.

System of Linear Equation :

System of linear equations means a set or collection of linear equations, that we deal with all together at once. As we know dealing with linear equations is more simpler than dealing with non linear equations.

Section Formula (internally) :

To find the coordinates of the point which divides internally the line segment joining two given points (x₁,y₁) and (x₂,y₂) in the given ratio m:n.

Section Formula (externally) :

To find the coordinates of the point which divides Externally the line segment joining two given points (x₁,y₁) and (x₂,y₂) in the given ratio m:n

Scatter Diagram :

Scatter diagram is a mathematical diagram used to display values for two variables for a set of data.

Scientific Notation :

Scientific notation is the method used to handle very large numbers or very small numbers.

Uses of scientific notation :

When very large or very small numbers are put in the scientific notation, that can be multiplied or divided easily using this form.

Secant :

A straight line or ray or segment, that divides(intersects) the circle(curve) in two points.

Synthetic Division :

Synthetic division is a short cut method of polynomial division. The condition to be used this method is, the divisor must of be of first degree and should be in the form (x-a).

Set Theory :

Set theory is one of the branches of mathematics which plays a vital role in all branches of math.

Set :

A set is a well defined collection of individual objects(elements).

In our daily life we often refer collection of things, namely group of keys, pack of cards, group of people etc.,

Singleton Set :

Any set which contains only one element is called as an singleton set.

For example :

A  =  {x : x is an odd number less than 2}

A  =  {1}, so it is a singleton set.

Sample Space :

The set of all possible outcomes of a random experiment is known sample space and it is denoted by the symbol S.

When a coin is thrown, the possible outcomes are

S  =  {H, T}

Simple Interest :

If p be the principal, r be the rate of interest per annum and n be the number of years, then S.I, we can be found using the formula. 

Simple interest, I  =  Pnr/100

Sector of a Circle :

A part of the interior of a circle enclosed by an arc and two radii is called a sector of a given circle. 

Types of sector:

• Major sector
• Minor sector

Semi Circle :

A part occupied by two radii with central angle 180 degree is called semicircle.

Sum to Product Formulas :

sin C + sin D  =  2sin [(C+D)/2] cos [(C-D)/2]

sin C - sin D  =  2cos [(C+D)/2] sin [(C-D)/2]

cos C + cos D  =  2cos [(C+D)/2] cos [(C-D)/2]

cos C - cos D  =  2sin [(C+D)/2] sin [(C-D)/2]

Sum and Differences :

sin (A+B) + sin (A-B) = 2 sin A cos B

sin (A+B) - sin (A-B) = 2 cos A sin B

cos (A+B) + cos (A-B) = 2 cos A cos B

cos (A+B) - cos (A-B) = -2sin A sin B

Sample :

A selection of item taken from a larger group (the "population") so that we can examine it to find out something about the larger group.

Sequences :

A sequence is an arrangements of numbers in a definite order according to some rule.

Examples :

Let us consider the following arrangements

(i)   1,4,9,16,25,.............

(ii)   2,4,6,8,10,..................

Square :

Area enclosed by the 4 equal sides is called the area of the square.

In the following shape ABCD the length of all sides are equal. 

Formula :

Area of the square = a²

Here a means the length of the side.

Series :

Series is nothing but sum of  terms. Each number is separated by positive sign.

• Arithmetic series
• Geometric series

Square :

When a number is multiplied by itself twice, the product so obtained is called the square of that number. it is denoted as, "number which is having power 2".

Square Root :

The number can be called as surd if we can not remove a number from a square root or cube root by simplification.

Example :

If we have 4 in the square root , we can write 4 as 2x2, we can remove square root by taking only one 2. 

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