Problem 1 :
A student appears in an objective test which contain 5 multiple choice questions. Each question has four choices out of which one correct answer.
(i) What is the maximum number of different answers can the students give?
(ii) How will the answer change if each question may have more than one correct answers?
Solution :
(i) What is the maximum number of different answers can the students give?
Number of ways to answer the 1st question = 4
Number of ways to answer the 2nd question = 4
Number of ways to answer the 3rd question = 4
Number of ways to answer the 4th question = 4
Number of ways to answer the 5th question = 4
Number of ways = 4 ⋅ 4⋅ 4 ⋅ 4 ⋅ 4
= 45
So, the total number of ways is 45.
Problem 2 :
How many strings can be formed from the letters of the word ARTICLE, so that vowels occupy the even places?
Solution :
Letters in the word ARTICLE = {A, R, T, I, C, L, E}
Number of letters = 7
Vowels = { A, I, E } Others = { R, I, C, L }
Even places are 2nd, 4th and 6th.
In 2nd place, we may fill any one of the letters {A, I, E}. So, we have 3 options to fill up the 2nd place.
In 4th place, we have 2 options. Because we have already used a letter in the second place.
In 6th place, we have 1 option. Because we have already used two letters in the even places.
By applying the above rule in order to fill up the odd places, we get
1st place = 4 options
3rd place = 3 options
5th place = 2 options
7th place = 1 option.
Number of ways = 4 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 1 ⋅ 1
= 144 ways
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